AI藥物在近幾年發展迅速,其中,蛋白質從頭設計無疑是AI設計藥物中的重頭戲與熱點。它不僅可以針對不可成藥靶點的藥物和自然中不存在的蛋白進行設計,而且大大縮短了藥物研發的周期。
華盛頓大學醫學院的David Baker教授是該領域的強者。當然,AI再牛,也需要用實驗手段去表征設計的蛋白。比如,使用Octet® 非標記分子互作系統檢測設計的蛋白與靶點的親和力。目前,David Baker課題組已使用Octet® 檢測蛋白親和力發表了近40篇文章,其中CNS文章就有近20篇!(文章列表見文末)
這里,陳老師就介紹一下他今年發表的幾篇CNS文章。
Nature
De novo design of protein structure and function with RF diffusion[1]
本文結合擴散模型(RF diffusion)和用深度學習算法,實現了從頭設計合成蛋白質的目標,設計成功率高兩個數量級。針對已知的五個靶標,只需要不到100個候選即可達到nM級別的親和力(全部用BLI進行檢測)。同時,研究人員還設計了一種蛋白與其底物(流感血凝素)的復合物,并使用冷凍電鏡解析了其結構。結果顯示,冷凍電鏡解析的結構與設計的模型幾乎一模一樣,從而證明了該模型的準確性。為了進一步驗證生成的蛋白是否具有結合活性,研究人員繼續使用Octet®對這兩種蛋白的結合進行驗證。
圖1.(a-c) 從頭設計靶標蛋白的結合蛋白,針對五個靶標,從頭設計結合蛋白,BLI 響應信號值≥陽性對照1/2為候選;(b)RF diffusion成功率高出兩個數量級; (d) 親和力最高的結合物,結合KD為28nM; (e-h) 結構學驗證
研究團隊表示,RF diffusion是對目前蛋白質設計方法的一次綜合改進,能夠產生總長度達600個氨基酸殘基的結構,其復雜性和準確度均比之前更高。研究團隊還表示,對該方法的進一步改進或能設計出復雜程度更高的全新蛋白質。
Nature
De novo design of modular peptite-binding proteins by superhelical matching
針對內在無序區的重復性蛋白和多肽,本文開發了一種從頭設計蛋白的通用性方法,能以大約 20% 的成功率高效設計出多肽結合蛋白。這些蛋白具備低至皮摩(pM)級別的高親和力、高特異性、高熱穩定性以及高精度。而且還證實了該方法可以靶向更廣闊的非重復性多肽區域、以及可以延伸至人源蛋白的復雜網絡。
審稿人評價稱:“表征非常詳盡,親和力高達納摩爾至皮摩爾范圍,并且具有很高的特異性。設計與結構的匹配也表明核心方法是合理的。”
這種高親和力、高特異性就是通過Octet® 來進行檢測的。
圖2. 將生物素化的目標肽加載到生物傳感器上,并和設計的binder進行結合解離,紅色矩形框表示相匹配的結合;可見,設計的binder與目標多肽的良好特異性
Science
Top-down design of protein architectures with reinforcement learning
該研究開發了一種基于強化學習的蛋白質設計軟件,并證明了它有能力創造有功能的蛋白質。這項工作用于設計高度穩定和多功能的多聚蛋白籠組裝結構和納米蛋白顆粒,開啟了蛋白質設計的新時代。該技術對癌癥治療、再生醫學、強效疫苗和可生物降解日用品都有積極影響,文章同樣使用Octet® 檢測了設計的多聚蛋白顆粒與已知表位抗體的結合,以進一步驗證其結構的正確性。
圖3. Octet® 親和力測定發現設計的單體蛋白聚合顆??梢耘c識別不同表位抗體結合,表明單體蛋白在聚合顆粒上的構象依舊完整。
Octet® 為什么如此受歡迎呢?
因為Octet® 用于親和力驗證的優點在于
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非標記Direct binding是趨勢,不需要標記和信號放大,可以更好的保持反應物的活性
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快速測定親和力,提供結合速率常數和解離速率常數更加定量化地表征分子互作
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無洗滌步驟,可測弱親和力(解離快)
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寫入了美國藥典,文章多,認可度廣
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萬金油技術,可以用與檢測DNA,小分子,蛋白質等各種生物分子
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操作簡便,耗材及維護成本低
盡管經過不同的AI算法優化,Binder設計的成功率已有所提高,但目前設計出高親和力的Binder仍然具有相當大的難度。對PPI(蛋白質相互作用)的建模和理解仍然需要進行大量的工作。Octet® 可以真正實現高通量、快速的表征和檢測,這極大地加速了科研進程,實現預測和驗證的有機結合。
-參考文獻
[1] De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion
JL Watson, D Juergens, NR Bennett, BL Trippe, J Yim… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
[2] De novo design of modular peptide-binding proteins by superhelical matching.nature,2023
[3] Top-down design of protein architectures with reinforcement learning.
SCIENCEVOL. 380, NO. 6642
[4] Massively parallel de novo protein design for targeted therapeutics
…, X Huang, R Jin, IA Wilson, DH Fuller, D Baker - Nature, 2017 - nature.com
[5] Optimization of affinity, specificity and function of designed influenza inhibitors using deep sequencing
…, H Kamisetty, P Blair, IA Wilson, D Baker - Nature …, 2012 - nature.com
[6] De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors
…, L Stewart, MS Diamond, D Veesler, D Baker - Science, 2020 - science.org
[7] De novo design of bioactive protein switches
…, JE Dueber, WRP Novak, H El-Samad, D Baker - Nature, 2019 - nature.com
[8] High-throughput characterization of protein–protein interactions by reprogramming yeast mating
D Younger, S Berger, D Baker… - Proceedings of the …, 2017 - National Acad Sciences
[9] A potent anti-malarial human monoclonal antibody targets circumsporozoite protein minor repeats and neutralizes sporozoites in the liver
…, R Vistein, C Barillas-Mury, R Amino, D Baker… - Immunity, 2020 - Elsevier
[10] Quadrivalent influenza nanoparticle vaccines induce broad protection
…, MC Crank, L Stewart, KK Lee, M Guttman, D Baker… - Nature, 2021 - nature.com
[11] Transferrin receptor targeting by de novo sheet extension
…, DE Ingber, J Abraham, D Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2021 - National Acad Sciences
[12] Receptor subtype discrimination using extensive shape complementary designed interfaces
…, CJ Kuo, KC Garcia, D Baker - Nature structural & …, 2019 - nature.com
[13] Ultrapotent miniproteins targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protect against infection and disease
…, R Ravichandran, L Carter, L Stewart, D Baker… - Cell Host & Microbe, 2021 - Elsevier
[14] Targeting HIV Env immunogens to B cell follicles in nonhuman primates through immune complex or protein nanoparticle formulations
…, G Alter, WR Schief, S Crotty, NP King, D Baker… - npj Vaccines, 2020 - nature.com
[15] De novo design of potent and selective mimics of IL-2 and IL-15
…, GJL Bernardes, M Dougan, KC Garcia, D Baker - Nature, 2019 - nature.com
[16] Computational design of proteins targeting the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin
…, C Dreyfus, JE Corn, EM Strauch, IA Wilson, D Baker - Science, 2011 - science.org
[17] Reconfigurable asymmetric protein assemblies through implicit negative design
…, J Decarreau, HM Morris, A Kang, AK Bera, D Baker - Science, 2022 - science.org
[18] Structural and functional evaluation of de novo-designed, two-component nanoparticle carriers for HIV Env trimer immunogens
…, JP Moore, RW Sanders, NP King, D Baker… - PLoS …, 2020 - journals.plos.org
[19] Polyclonal antibody responses to HIV Env immunogens resolved using cryoEM
…, RF Rocha, ZT Berndsen, D Baker… - Nature …, 2021 - nature.com
[20] Induction of potent neutralizing antibody responses by a designed protein nanoparticle vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus
…, KK Lee, D Veesler, CE Correnti, LJ Stewart, D Baker… - Cell, 2019 - Elsevier
[21] Designed protein logic to target cells with precise combinations of surface antigens
…, A Nguyen, S Pun, CE Correnti, SR Riddell, D Baker - Science, 2020 - science.org
[22] De novo design of tyrosine and serine kinase-driven protein switches
…, VH Wysocki, H El-Samad, D Baker - Nature structural & …, 2021 - nature.com
[23] Computational design of trimeric influenza-neutralizing proteins targeting the hemagglutinin receptor binding site
…, AB Ward, P Yager, DH Fuller, IA Wilson, D Baker - Nature …, 2017 - nature.com
[24] Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning
…, F DiMaio, B Correia, S Ovchinnikov, D Baker - Science, 2022 - science.org
[25] M*lent designed proteins neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and confer protection against infection in mice
…, BS Freedman, JD Bloom, H Ruohola-Baker… - Science translational …, 2022 - science.org
[26] A computationally designed hemagglutinin stem-binding protein provides in vivo protection from influenza independent of a host immune response
…, IA Wilson, A Dagley, DF Smee, D Baker… - PLoS …, 2016 - journals.plos.org
[27] Computational design of a synthetic PD-1 agonist
…, F DiMaio, KV Tarbell, D Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2021 - National Acad Sciences
[28] First critical repressive H3K27me3 marks in embryonic stem cells identified using designed protein inhibitor
…, SH Orkin, D Baker, H Ruohola-Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2017 - National Acad Sciences
[29] Designed proteins assemble antibodies into modular nanocages
…, H Ruohola-Baker, J Mathieu, D Veesler, D Baker - Science, 2021 - science.org
[30] Designed protein logic to target cells with precise combinations of surface antigens
…, A Nguyen, S Pun, CE Correnti, SR Riddell, D Baker - Science, 2020 - science.org
[31] De novo design of tyrosine and serine kinase-driven protein switches
…, VH Wysocki, H El-Samad, D Baker - Nature structural & …, 2021 - nature.com
[32] Computational design of trimeric influenza-neutralizing proteins targeting the hemagglutinin receptor binding site
…, AB Ward, P Yager, DH Fuller, IA Wilson, D Baker - Nature …, 2017 - nature.com
[33] Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning
…, F DiMaio, B Correia, S Ovchinnikov, D Baker - Science, 2022 - science.org
[34] M*lent designed proteins neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and confer protection against infection in mice
…, BS Freedman, JD Bloom, H Ruohola-Baker… - Science translational …, 2022 - science.org
[35] A computationally designed hemagglutinin stem-binding protein provides in vivo protection from influenza independent of a host immune response
…, IA Wilson, A Dagley, DF Smee, D Baker… - PLoS …, 2016 - journals.plos.org
[36] Computational design of a synthetic PD-1 agonist
…, F DiMaio, KV Tarbell, D Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2021 - National Acad Sciences
[37] First critical repressive H3K27me3 marks in embryonic stem cells identified using designed protein inhibitor
…, SH Orkin, D Baker, H Ruohola-Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2017 - National Acad Sciences
[38] Designed proteins assemble antibodies into modular nanocages
…, H Ruohola-Baker, J Mathieu, D Veesler, D Baker - Science, 2021 - science.org
[39] Computational design of a pH-sensitive IgG binding protein
…, SJ Fleishman, D Baker - Proceedings of the …, 2014 - National Acad Sciences
[40] Design of protein-binding proteins from the target structure alone
…, S Bernard, L Stewart, IA Wilson, H Ruohola-Baker… - Nature, 2022 - nature.com
[41] De novo design of modular and tunable protein biosensors
…, J Wi, HJ Hong, L Stewart, BH Oh, D Baker - Nature, 2021 - nature.com
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